International terrorism is typically associated with groups whose activities are what?

International terrorism is primarily associated with groups whose activities are foreign-based because these groups often operate across national borders, aiming to achieve political or ideological goals that impact multiple countries or regions. Being foreign-based implies that these groups may have a transnational agenda, targeting countries or populations outside their own, which aligns with the nature of international terrorism.

Such organizations often engage in high-profile attacks or campaigns designed to draw attention to their cause or to undermine or destabilize foreign governments. This is an essential characteristic of international terrorism, as it typically seeks to exploit geopolitical situations and provoke global reactions.

In contrast, the other options reflect characteristics that do not capture the essence of international terrorism. Covert activities may occur within domestic settings or are not necessarily tied to international ambition. Passive groups do not actively engage in terrorism, and while some terrorist groups may have military affiliations or training, not all international terrorism is overtly military in nature. Thus, foreign-based activities specifically highlight the international aspect of terrorism, making it the most appropriate choice.