Which of the following is NOT typically considered an effect of terrorism?

The correct answer, which identifies what is not typically considered an effect of terrorism, is insightful because it highlights a critical aspect of the psychological and social consequences associated with terrorist acts. Terrorism often leads to significant negative impacts such as physical injuries, psychological trauma, and widespread public fear and panic.

Physical injuries originate from the violent and destructive nature of terrorist attacks, while psychological trauma can manifest in various mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder for survivors and witnesses. Public fear and panic are common reactions following terrorist incidents, as communities grapple with the threat and unpredictability of such violence.

In contrast, increased self-esteem is generally not viewed as a consequence of terrorism. While some individuals or groups may experience a sense of empowerment or motivation to take action in response to terrorist acts, this is not a direct effect of terrorism itself. Rather, the predominant reactions tend to be negative, focusing on the harm and psychological distress that such acts unleash on individuals and society as a whole. This distinction clarifies why increased self-esteem does not fit with the typical effects of terrorism.